A 40 y/o lady with history of valve surgery is admitted to hospital because of left hemiparesis, she only took warfarin as her medication & her last INR was about 2.2. Echocardiography is shown.

According to the echocardiography, what is your plan for patient ?

55 y/o lady with recurrent palpitations underwent EP study. Two traces of EPS are shown.

What is the most likely arrythmia?

A 58-year-old male with a history of AVR, underwent implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker from the right side of the chest. At the time of implantation, before leads screwing (Attachment of Leads to Device header) and placing the pacemaker in the pocket , the atrial lead impedance was 650 ohms. After placing the pacemaker in the pocket, suturing, and dressing the wound, reprogramming was performed. This time, the atrial lead impedance was 1750 ohms. Chest X-rays of the patient during implantation and after implantation are available.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

30 y/o female patient underwent catheterization.

two shots of her catheterization were shown:

What is the patient diagnosis?

45 years old man with recurrent palpitations, underwent EPS. Two EP tracings are shown below:

Which Arrhythmia is unlikely? 

a 40 y/o man with a history of hybrid TEVAR operation underwent CT angiography for routine follow up:

CT angiography is shown:

In CT angiography there is an incidental congenital heart defect, can you guess what defect is shown?

A middle-aged lady underwent EPS with 3D mapping, below you can see the 3D mapping of her arrhythmia :

Based on the 3D mapping, what is the possible arrhythmia?

A 75 years old man came to the clinic with a complaint of dyspnea on exertion, ECG is shown below:

Based on ECG what would be expected in echocardiography?

A 75-year-old woman with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension, and a dual-chamber pacemaker, attended a follow-up appointment. Enclosed are ECG Holter tracings, a 12-lead ECG, and the device analysis for the patient.

Which statement is TRUE?

A 67-year-old man with a history of frequent palpitations underwent EPS. Below you can find two tracings.

Which statement is WRONG?

22 y/o girl referred to EP clinic with LVEF=30% with global HK and "arrhythmia"

Two ECG is shown.

What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 65-year-old male underwent CABG 4 days ago for severe 3-vessels disease. the nurse calls on-call resident for the arrhythmia observed on the monitor.
The ECG is shown below.

Which statement is NOT correct?

A 28-year-old female with frequent PVCs and LVEF of 50% underwent EPS, with the best signal detected in the GCV. A simultaneous CAG was performed.

What is the reasonable approach?

55 years old woman with history of episodic atrial fibrillation and severe mitral regurgitation who was on warfarin from 1 year ago, underwent Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) 4 days ago. She was transferred to post-ICU ward in sinus rhythm but the palpitation suddenly begun (below ECG). 

Her vital signs were as follows: BP 95/60, No fever, Acceptable Respiratory Rate, Heart Rate 130.  

Bed-side Echocardiography showed moderate Left Ventricle (LV) dysfunction (EF 35-40%), mild Right Ventricle (RV) dysfunction, Good MV bileaflet motion and dilated Left atrium (LA).

What is your diagnosis and reasonable therapeutic approach? 

49 years old man underwent EPS ablation for atrial flutter, coronary angiography also performed. Below you can find a shot of angiography: 

What is the most probable diagnosis?

A 36-year-old woman with a medical history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed 2 years ago, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaints of fever and severe weakness lasting for 2 days. An electrocardiogram (ECG), displayed below, suggests the presence of Brugada syndrome. Additionally, while sitting on a chair in the ED, the patient experienced a syncopal episode. Consequently, the decision was made to admit the patient based on the syncope and ECG findings.

A coronary angiogram conducted 1 year ago revealed triple-vessel disease (3VD) and a patent left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft on the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The posterior descending artery (PDA) demonstrated a patent saphenous vein graft (SVG), and there was significant diffuse stenosis observed in the SVG on the obtuse marginal (OM) branch, for which medical treatment was planned.

Troponin levels were negative upon presentation and remained so throughout the patient's admission.

Also, the ECG can be seen below.

Among the following measures, which one do you consider unnecessary?

A woman in her 60s underwent cryoballoon ablation for AF. Below are 3 consecutive EP tracings during LUPV cryoablation.

What is the best explanation for these tracings?

Here is a video of a patient in the ICU. The cardiology resident in charge transiently turned off the patient's temporary pacemaker, which caused the patient to go into asystole.

How can this be?

An 18-year-old girl presented to the emergency room with a syncope episode while seated, lasting 20 seconds.

 Considering the echocardiography and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, which diagnosis is unlikely?

Below you can find the Activation map and propagation map of a case with narrow complex tachycardia.

Based on these movies, which statement is TRUE?